SEC-999: Refactored namespace to take an expression handler instead of a permission evaluator, allowig fo greater cusomtomization and for a single handler to be used in both web and method security expressions.

core/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/ConfigUtils.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ParserContext;
 import org.springframework.security.afterinvocation.AfterInvocationProviderManager;
 import org.springframework.security.expression.method.MethodExpressionVoter;
 import org.springframework.security.util.UrlUtils;
+import org.springframework.security.vote.AccessDecisionVoter;
 import org.springframework.security.vote.AffirmativeBased;
 import org.springframework.security.vote.AuthenticatedVoter;
 import org.springframework.security.vote.RoleVoter;
@@ -44,10 +45,10 @@ abstract class ConfigUtils {
         }
     }
 
-    private static BeanDefinition createAccessManagerBean(Class... voters) {
+    private static BeanDefinition createAccessManagerBean(Class<? extends AccessDecisionVoter>... voters) {
         ManagedList defaultVoters = new ManagedList(voters.length);
 
-        for(Class voter : voters) {
+        for(Class<? extends AccessDecisionVoter> voter : voters) {
             defaultVoters.add(new RootBeanDefinition(voter));
         }
 
@@ -80,10 +81,11 @@ abstract class ConfigUtils {
         }
 
         BeanDefinition authManager = new RootBeanDefinition(NamespaceAuthenticationManager.class);
-        authManager.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("providerBeanNames", new ArrayList());
+        authManager.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("providerBeanNames", new ArrayList<String>());
         parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER, authManager);
     }
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     static void addAuthenticationProvider(ParserContext parserContext, String beanName) {
         registerProviderManagerIfNecessary(parserContext);
         BeanDefinition authManager = parserContext.getRegistry().getBeanDefinition(BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER);

core/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/Elements.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ abstract class Elements {
     public static final String LDAP_SERVER = "ldap-server";
     public static final String LDAP_USER_SERVICE = "ldap-user-service";
     public static final String PROTECT_POINTCUT = "protect-pointcut";
-    public static final String PERMISSON_EVALUATOR = "permission-evaluator";
+    public static final String EXPRESSION_HANDLER = "expression-handler";
     public static final String PROTECT = "protect";
     public static final String CONCURRENT_SESSIONS = "concurrent-session-control";
     public static final String LOGOUT = "logout";

core/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/FilterInvocationDefinitionSourceBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package org.springframework.security.config;
 
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ParserContext;
+import org.springframework.security.ConfigAttribute;
+import org.springframework.security.intercept.web.FilterInvocationDefinitionSource;
+import org.springframework.security.intercept.web.RequestKey;
 import org.springframework.security.util.AntUrlPathMatcher;
 import org.springframework.security.util.UrlMatcher;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
@@ -14,8 +16,8 @@ import org.springframework.util.xml.DomUtils;
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
 
 /**
- * Allows for convenient creation of a {@link FilterInvocationDefinitionSource} bean for use with a FilterSecurityInterceptor.  
- * 
+ * Allows for convenient creation of a {@link FilterInvocationDefinitionSource} bean for use with a FilterSecurityInterceptor.
+ *
  * @author Luke Taylor
  * @version $Id$
  */
@@ -26,12 +28,10 @@ public class FilterInvocationDefinitionSourceBeanDefinitionParser extends Abstra
     }
 
     protected void doParse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext, BeanDefinitionBuilder builder) {
-        List interceptUrls = DomUtils.getChildElementsByTagName(element, "intercept-url");
-        
+        List<Element> interceptUrls = DomUtils.getChildElementsByTagName(element, "intercept-url");
+
         // Check for attributes that aren't allowed in this context
-        Iterator interceptUrlElts = interceptUrls.iterator();
-        while(interceptUrlElts.hasNext()) {
-            Element elt = (Element) interceptUrlElts.next();
+        for(Element elt : interceptUrls) {
             if (StringUtils.hasLength(elt.getAttribute(HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.ATT_REQUIRES_CHANNEL))) {
                 parserContext.getReaderContext().error("The attribute '" + HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.ATT_REQUIRES_CHANNEL + "' isn't allowed here.", elt);
             }
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ public class FilterInvocationDefinitionSourceBeanDefinitionParser extends Abstra
 
         UrlMatcher matcher = HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.createUrlMatcher(element);
         boolean convertPathsToLowerCase = (matcher instanceof AntUrlPathMatcher) && matcher.requiresLowerCaseUrl();
-        
-        LinkedHashMap requestMap = 
-        HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(interceptUrls,  
-                convertPathsToLowerCase, parserContext);
-        
-        builder.addConstructorArg(matcher);
-        builder.addConstructorArg(requestMap);
+
+        LinkedHashMap<RequestKey, List<ConfigAttribute>> requestMap =
+        HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(interceptUrls,
+                convertPathsToLowerCase, false, parserContext);
+
+        builder.addConstructorArgValue(matcher);
+        builder.addConstructorArgValue(requestMap);
     }
 }

core/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/GlobalMethodSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import org.springframework.security.intercept.method.aopalliance.MethodSecurityI
 import org.springframework.security.vote.AffirmativeBased;
 import org.springframework.security.vote.AuthenticatedVoter;
 import org.springframework.security.vote.RoleVoter;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.xml.DomUtils;
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
@@ -56,8 +57,8 @@ class GlobalMethodSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
     static final String SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR_ID = "_globalMethodSecurityInterceptor";
     static final String INTERCEPTOR_POST_PROCESSOR_ID = "_globalMethodSecurityInterceptorPostProcessor";
     static final String ACCESS_MANAGER_ID = "_globalMethodSecurityAccessManager";
-    static final String DELEGATING_METHOD_DEFINITION_SOURCE_ID = "_delegatingMethodDefinitionSource";
-    static final String EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID = "_expressionHandler";
+    private static final String DELEGATING_METHOD_DEFINITION_SOURCE_ID = "_delegatingMethodDefinitionSource";
+    private static final String EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID = "_expressionHandler";
 
     private static final String ATT_ACCESS = "access";
     private static final String ATT_EXPRESSION = "expression";
@@ -122,28 +123,26 @@ class GlobalMethodSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
      * provider will also be registered to handle post-invocation filtering and authorization expression annotations.
      */
     private void registerAccessManager(Element element, ParserContext pc, boolean jsr250Enabled, boolean expressionsEnabled) {
-        Element permissionEvaluatorElt = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(element, Elements.PERMISSON_EVALUATOR);
+        Element expressionHandlerElt = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(element, Elements.EXPRESSION_HANDLER);
         BeanDefinitionBuilder accessMgrBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(AffirmativeBased.class);
         ManagedList voters = new ManagedList(4);
 
         if (expressionsEnabled) {
-            BeanDefinitionBuilder expressionHandler = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(DefaultSecurityExpressionHandler.class);
             BeanDefinitionBuilder expressionVoter = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(MethodExpressionVoter.class);
             BeanDefinitionBuilder afterInvocationProvider = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(MethodExpressionAfterInvocationProvider.class);
+            String expressionHandlerRef = expressionHandlerElt == null ? null : expressionHandlerElt.getAttribute("ref");
 
-            if (permissionEvaluatorElt != null) {
-                String ref = permissionEvaluatorElt.getAttribute("ref");
-                logger.info("Using bean '" + ref + "' as PermissionEvaluator implementation");
-                expressionHandler.addPropertyReference("permissionEvaluator", ref);
+            if (StringUtils.hasText(expressionHandlerRef)) {
+                logger.info("Using bean '" + expressionHandlerRef + "' as SecurityExpressionHandler implementation");
             } else {
-                logger.warn("Expressions were enabled but no PermissionEvaluator was configured. " +
+                pc.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID, new RootBeanDefinition(DefaultSecurityExpressionHandler.class));
+                logger.warn("Expressions were enabled but no SecurityExpressionHandler was configured. " +
                         "All hasPermision() expressions will evaluate to false.");
+                expressionHandlerRef = EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID;
             }
 
-            pc.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID, expressionHandler.getBeanDefinition());
-
-            expressionVoter.addPropertyReference("expressionHandler", EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID);
-            afterInvocationProvider.addPropertyReference("expressionHandler", EXPRESSION_HANDLER_ID);
+            expressionVoter.addPropertyReference("expressionHandler", expressionHandlerRef);
+            afterInvocationProvider.addPropertyReference("expressionHandler", expressionHandlerRef);
             ConfigUtils.getRegisteredAfterInvocationProviders(pc).add(afterInvocationProvider.getBeanDefinition());
             voters.add(expressionVoter.getBeanDefinition());
         }

core/src/main/java/org/springframework/security/config/HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ManagedList;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParser;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ParserContext;
+import org.springframework.security.ConfigAttribute;
 import org.springframework.security.ConfigAttributeEditor;
+import org.springframework.security.SecurityConfig;
 import org.springframework.security.context.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter;
 import org.springframework.security.intercept.web.DefaultFilterInvocationDefinitionSource;
 import org.springframework.security.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor;
@@ -97,6 +99,9 @@ public class HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
     static final String ATT_ONCE_PER_REQUEST = "once-per-request";
     static final String ATT_ACCESS_DENIED_PAGE = "access-denied-page";
 
+    static final String ATT_USE_EXPRESSIONS = "use-expressions";
+    static final String DEF_USE_EXPRESSIONS = "false";
+
     public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
         ConfigUtils.registerProviderManagerIfNecessary(parserContext);
         final BeanDefinitionRegistry registry = parserContext.getRegistry();
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ public class HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
         }
 
         registerFilterSecurityInterceptor(element, parserContext, matcher, accessManagerId,
-                parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(interceptUrlElts, convertPathsToLowerCase, parserContext));
+                parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(interceptUrlElts, convertPathsToLowerCase, false, parserContext));
 
         boolean sessionControlEnabled = registerConcurrentSessionControlBeansIfRequired(element, parserContext);
 
@@ -576,14 +581,21 @@ public class HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
         }
     }
 
-    static LinkedHashMap parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(List urlElts,  boolean useLowerCasePaths, ParserContext parserContext) {
-        LinkedHashMap filterInvocationDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap();
+    /**
+     * Parses the filter invocation map which will be used to configure the FilterInvocationDefinitionSource
+     * used in the security interceptor.
+     */
+    static LinkedHashMap<RequestKey, List<ConfigAttribute>>
+    parseInterceptUrlsForFilterInvocationRequestMap(List<Element> urlElts,  boolean useLowerCasePaths,
+            boolean useExpressions, ParserContext parserContext) {
 
-        Iterator urlEltsIterator = urlElts.iterator();
-        ConfigAttributeEditor editor = new ConfigAttributeEditor();
+        LinkedHashMap<RequestKey, List<ConfigAttribute>> filterInvocationDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<RequestKey, List<ConfigAttribute>>();
 
-        while (urlEltsIterator.hasNext()) {
-            Element urlElt = (Element) urlEltsIterator.next();
+        for (Element urlElt : urlElts) {
+            String access = urlElt.getAttribute(ATT_ACCESS_CONFIG);
+            if (!StringUtils.hasText(access)) {
+                continue;
+            }
 
             String path = urlElt.getAttribute(ATT_PATH_PATTERN);
 
@@ -600,19 +612,23 @@ public class HttpSecurityBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
                 method = null;
             }
 
-            String access = urlElt.getAttribute(ATT_ACCESS_CONFIG);
-
             // Convert the comma-separated list of access attributes to a List<ConfigAttribute>
-            if (StringUtils.hasText(access)) {
-                editor.setAsText(access);
-                Object key = new RequestKey(path, method);
 
-                if (filterInvocationDefinitionMap.containsKey(key)) {
-                    logger.warn("Duplicate URL defined: " + key + ". The original attribute values will be overwritten");
-                }
+            RequestKey key = new RequestKey(path, method);
+            List<ConfigAttribute> attributes = null;
 
-                filterInvocationDefinitionMap.put(key, editor.getValue());
+            if (useExpressions) {
+                logger.info("Creating access control expression attribute '" + access + "' for " + key);
+
+            } else {
+                attributes = SecurityConfig.createList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(access));
+            }
+
+            if (filterInvocationDefinitionMap.containsKey(key)) {
+                logger.warn("Duplicate URL defined: " + key + ". The original attribute values will be overwritten");
             }
+
+            filterInvocationDefinitionMap.put(key, attributes);
         }
 
         return filterInvocationDefinitionMap;

core/src/main/resources/org/springframework/security/config/spring-security-2.5.rnc

@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ boolean = "true" | "false"
 role-prefix =
     ## A non-empty string prefix that will be added to role strings loaded from persistent storage (e.g. "ROLE_"). Use the value "none" for no prefix in cases where the default is non-empty.
     attribute role-prefix {xsd:string}
-
+    
+use-expressions =
+    ## Enables the use of expressions in the 'access' attributes in <intercept-url> elements rather than the traditional list of configuration attributes. Defaults to 'false'. If enabled, each attribute should contain a single boolean expression. If the expression evaluates to 'true', access will be granted. 
+    attribute use-expressions {boolean}
 
 ldap-server =
     ## Defines an LDAP server location or starts an embedded server. The url indicates the location of a remote server. If no url is given, an embedded server will be started, listening on the supplied port number. The port is optional and defaults to 33389. A Spring LDAP ContextSource bean will be registered for the server with the id supplied. 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ protect.attlist &=
 
 global-method-security =
     ## Provides method security for all beans registered in the Spring application context. Specifically, beans will be scanned for matches with the ordered list of "protect-pointcut" sub-elements, Spring Security annotations and/or. Where there is a match, the beans will automatically be proxied and security authorization applied to the methods accordingly. If you use and enable all four sources of method security metadata (ie "protect-pointcut" declarations, expression annotations, @Secured and also JSR250 security annotations), the metadata sources will be queried in that order. In practical terms, this enables you to use XML to override method security metadata expressed in annotations. If using annotations, the order of precedence is EL-based (@PreAuthorize etc.), @Secured and finally JSR-250.
-	element global-method-security {global-method-security.attlist, permission-evaluator?, protect-pointcut*}
+	element global-method-security {global-method-security.attlist, expression-handler?, protect-pointcut*}
 global-method-security.attlist &=
     ## Specifies whether the use of Spring Security's expression-based annotations (@PreFilter, @PreAuthorize, @PostFilter, @PostAuthorize) should be enabled for this application context. Defaults to "disabled".
     attribute expression-annotations {"disabled" | "enabled" }?
@@ -195,9 +198,9 @@ global-method-security.attlist &=
     ## Optional AccessDecisionManager bean ID to override the default used for method security.
     attribute access-decision-manager-ref {xsd:string}?
 
-permission-evaluator =
-    ## Defines the PermissionEvaluator implementation which will be used to evaluate calls to hasPermission() expressions
-    element permission-evaluator {ref}
+expression-handler =
+    ## Defines the SecurityExpressionHandler instance which will be used if expression-based access-control is enabled. A default implementation (with no ACL support) will be used if not supplied.
+    element expression-handler {ref}
 
 custom-after-invocation-provider =
     ## Used to decorate an AfterInvocationProvider to specify that it should be used with method security.
@@ -220,6 +223,8 @@ http =
 http.attlist &=
     ## Automatically registers a login form, BASIC authentication, anonymous authentication, logout services, remember-me and servlet-api-integration. If set to "true", all of these capabilities are added (although you can still customize the configuration of each by providing the respective element). If unspecified, defaults to "false".
     attribute auto-config {boolean}?
+http.attlist &=
+    use-expressions?
 http.attlist &=
     ## Controls the eagerness with which an HTTP session is created. If not set, defaults to "ifRequired".
     attribute create-session {"ifRequired" | "always" | "never" }?
@@ -325,6 +330,8 @@ filter-chain.attlist &=
 filter-invocation-definition-source =
     ## Used to explicitly configure a FilterInvocationDefinitionSource bean for use with a FilterSecurityInterceptor. Usually only needed if you are configuring a FilterChainProxy explicitly, rather than using the <http> element. The intercept-url elements used should only contain pattern, method and access attributes. Any others will result in a configuration error. 
     element filter-invocation-definition-source {fids.attlist, intercept-url+}
+fids.attlist &=
+    use-expressions?
 fids.attlist &=
     id?
 fids.attlist &=

core/src/main/resources/org/springframework/security/config/spring-security-2.5.xsd

@@ -168,6 +168,17 @@
       </xs:annotation>
     </xs:attribute>
   </xs:attributeGroup>
+  <xs:attributeGroup name="use-expressions">
+    <xs:attribute name="use-expressions" use="required" type="security:boolean">
+      <xs:annotation>
+        <xs:documentation>Enables the use of expressions in the 'access' attributes in
+          &lt;intercept-url&gt; elements rather than the traditional list of configuration
+          attributes. Defaults to 'false'. If enabled, each attribute should contain a single
+          boolean expression. If the expression evaluates to 'true', access will be granted.
+        </xs:documentation>
+      </xs:annotation>
+    </xs:attribute>
+  </xs:attributeGroup>
   <xs:element name="ldap-server">
     <xs:annotation>
       <xs:documentation>Defines an LDAP server location or starts an embedded server. The url
@@ -565,7 +576,7 @@
     </xs:annotation>
     <xs:complexType>
       <xs:sequence>
-        <xs:element minOccurs="0" ref="security:permission-evaluator"/>
+        <xs:element minOccurs="0" ref="security:expression-handler"/>
         <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="protect-pointcut">
           <xs:annotation>
             <xs:documentation>Defines a protected pointcut and the access control configuration
@@ -627,10 +638,11 @@
       </xs:annotation>
     </xs:attribute>
   </xs:attributeGroup>
-  <xs:element name="permission-evaluator">
+  <xs:element name="expression-handler">
     <xs:annotation>
-      <xs:documentation>Defines the PermissionEvaluator implementation which will be used to
-        evaluate calls to hasPermission() expressions</xs:documentation>
+      <xs:documentation>Defines the SecurityExpressionHandler instance which will be used if
+        expression-based access-control is enabled. A default implementation (with no ACL support)
+        will be used if not supplied.</xs:documentation>
     </xs:annotation>
     <xs:complexType>
       <xs:attributeGroup ref="security:ref"/>
@@ -763,6 +775,15 @@
           "false".</xs:documentation>
       </xs:annotation>
     </xs:attribute>
+    <xs:attribute name="use-expressions" type="security:boolean">
+      <xs:annotation>
+        <xs:documentation>Enables the use of expressions in the 'access' attributes in
+          &lt;intercept-url&gt; elements rather than the traditional list of configuration
+          attributes. Defaults to 'false'. If enabled, each attribute should contain a single
+          boolean expression. If the expression evaluates to 'true', access will be granted.
+        </xs:documentation>
+      </xs:annotation>
+    </xs:attribute>
     <xs:attribute name="create-session">
       <xs:annotation>
         <xs:documentation>Controls the eagerness with which an HTTP session is created. If not set,
@@ -1036,6 +1057,15 @@
     </xs:complexType>
   </xs:element>
   <xs:attributeGroup name="fids.attlist">
+    <xs:attribute name="use-expressions" type="security:boolean">
+      <xs:annotation>
+        <xs:documentation>Enables the use of expressions in the 'access' attributes in
+          &lt;intercept-url&gt; elements rather than the traditional list of configuration
+          attributes. Defaults to 'false'. If enabled, each attribute should contain a single
+          boolean expression. If the expression evaluates to 'true', access will be granted.
+        </xs:documentation>
+      </xs:annotation>
+    </xs:attribute>
     <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID">
       <xs:annotation>
         <xs:documentation>A bean identifier, used for referring to the bean elsewhere in the

samples/contacts/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
                         http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-2.5.xsd">
 
     <global-method-security expression-annotations="enabled">
-        <permission-evaluator ref="permissionEvaluator"/>
+        <expression-handler ref="expressionHandler"/>
     </global-method-security>
 
     <http auto-config="true" realm="Contacts Realm">
@@ -47,8 +47,12 @@
        <b:property name="targetUrl" value="/secure/index.htm"/>
     </b:bean>
 
+    <b:bean id="expressionhandler" class="org.springframework.security.expression.support.DefaultSecurityExpressionHandler">
+        <b:property name="permissionEvaluator" ref="permissionEvaluator" />
+    </b:bean>
+
     <b:bean id="permissionEvaluator" class="org.springframework.security.acls.AclPermissionEvaluator">
-        <b:constructor-arg ref="aclService" />
+        <b:constructor-arg ref="aclService"/>
     </b:bean>
 
 </b:beans>

samples/contacts/src/test/resources/applicationContext-contacts-test.xml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
                         http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-2.5.xsd">
 
     <global-method-security expression-annotations="enabled">
-        <permission-evaluator ref="permissionEvaluator"/>
+        <expression-handler ref="expressionhandler"/>
     </global-method-security>
 
    <!-- ======================== AUTHENTICATION ======================= -->
@@ -24,8 +24,12 @@
         <jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource"/>
     </authentication-provider>
 
+    <b:bean id="expressionhandler" class="org.springframework.security.expression.support.DefaultSecurityExpressionHandler">
+        <b:property name="permissionEvaluator" ref="permissionEvaluator" />
+    </b:bean>
+
     <b:bean id="permissionEvaluator" class="org.springframework.security.acls.AclPermissionEvaluator">
-        <b:constructor-arg ref="aclService" />
+        <b:constructor-arg ref="aclService"/>
     </b:bean>
 
 </b:beans>